FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

What is a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation?

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are two genes that are known to be related to breast and ovarian cancer risk. Some changes (mutations) in these genes increase the risk for breast and ovarian cancer. BRCA mutations are inherited.

What is genetic testing and what does it tell me?

Genetic testing is a simple blood test that detects mutations in the genetic code of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.  The test results do not tell you whether you have breast or ovarian cancer, rather the results can tell you whether a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation runs in your family, placing you at an increased risk. This information can you help work with your physician or genetic counselor to discuss a personalized risk reduction plan.

Is genetic testing covered by my insurance company?

Yes - Many insurance companies cover the cost of genetic testing for people who have a personal history and/or a strong family history of cancer.

Can I lose my health insurance if I carry the cancer gene?

There are state and national laws that protect us from insurance discrimination.

  • The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is a federal law that protects people who are part of a group health insurance plan. Group health plans are provided through your employer, union or professional association.  HIPAA does not cover people who purchase their own insurance, are self-employed.
  • GINA (Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act) protects individuals against discrimination based on their genetic information when it comes to health insurance and employment.

Can I only inherit the breast cancer gene from my mother?

No - the most common cause of inherited breast cancer is related to BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These genes are not located on the chromosomes which determine gender, and both men and women are equally likely to inherit a gene change or pass on a gene change to their children. Half of all women with a hereditary risk of breast and ovarian cancers inherited the risk from their fathers, not their mothers.  However, the cancer risks are different for men and women.

Are men at an increased risk of cancer if they have a BRCA1/2 mutation?

Yes - men with a BRCA1/2 mutation have an increased risk of developing early onset prostate cancer. In addition, men are also at an increased risk for developing male breast cancer. There are also slight increased risks for other cancers which may include pancreatic cancer and melanoma.

What is genetic counseling?

Genetic counseling is the process of helping people understand and adapt to the medical, psychological and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease. This process integrates:

  • Interpretation of family and medical histories to assess the chance of disease occurrence or recurrence
  • Education about inheritance, testing, management, prevention, resources and research
  • Counseling to promote informed choices and adaptation to the risk or condition